179 research outputs found

    Combining Actor Network Theory and Genre Theory to Understand the Evolution of Digital Genres

    Get PDF
    In this paper we argue that a combination of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Genre Theory can constitute a theoretical framework for understanding how digital genres evolve.Genre theory states that genres evolve over time through reciprocal interaction between institutionalized practices and individual action; that they develop from actorsñ€ℱ responses to recurrent situations, and are shaped around characteristics as content, form, functionality and purpose. Genres emerge out of practice and at the same time they shape that practice. While genre theory can describe the characteristics of a genre, it cannot handle the processof how a genre is formed and what powers and forces are involved in this shaping process. In order to address this problem, several authors have incorporated structuration theory into genre analysis. However, structuration theory can only catch these constitutional processes of genre in a very broad manner. As a genre is evolving and stabilizing over time in interplay with different actors, it goes beyond what is possible to explain only by means ofstructuration theory. Instead, ANT could work as a tool to capture the process of how a genre takes form in negotiations with different stakeholders. In this paper we discuss how genre theory and ANT can be combined in a framework for analyzing emerging genres. We applythis theoretical framework on an e-newspaper project that embodies a new genre in the making. We will here show how evolving genre characteristics are developed, formed andstabilized in a negotiation and struggle between the involved actors when they translate their interests in ways that finally are resulting in a new genre

    The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

    Get PDF
    Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Eastern Baltic stock have decreased in numbers and condition since the 1990â€Čs. Among several causes, an increased prevalence and intensity of the nematode Contracaecum osculatum has been discussed. This increase has been attributed to a population increase of the parasites final host, the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Other studies have looked at the role of Contracaecum osculatum on cod growth and condition on recently caught cod, or done short term experimental studies in lab. This study instead investigated the importance of Contracaecum osculatum for cod growth in a sea pen based experiment, where cod were kept and fed in order to monitor growth. The results show that a higher density (number of nematodes per gram liver) decreases cod growth potential. If the number of nematodes exceeded 8 per gram liver cod did not grow in length, even when given generous amounts of food. Accounting for the lack of growth due to Contracaecum osculatum may improve stock assessments and increase the possibility to reach management targets

    Mata mager torsk till en fin produkt – en rĂ€ddning för kustfisket?

    Get PDF
    Situationen för torsken i Östersjön har förvĂ€rrats drastiskt de senaste Ă„ren dĂ€r bland annat mĂ„nga torskar blivit sĂ„ magra att de inte har ett kommersiellt vĂ€rde. Samtidigt har det smĂ„skaliga yrkesfisket drabbats av stora skador pĂ„ fisk och redskap i garn och krokfiske, orsakade av sĂ€l. StrĂ€van att ta fram alternativa sĂ€lsĂ€kra redskap har fokuserats pĂ„ att utveckla torskburar som betas för att locka in fisk i buren. Samtidigt Ă€r buren ett skonsamt och levandefĂ„ngande redskap dĂ€r fisken kan hanteras levande efter fĂ„ngst. En negativ egenskap med detta fiske, för fiskaren, Ă€r att burfĂ„ngad torsk Ă€r magrare Ă€n torsk fĂ„ngad i mer traditionella passiva redskap som nĂ€t, vilket gör burtorsk mer svĂ„rsĂ„ld. PĂ„ uppdrag av SydostLeader gjordes ett försök med den primĂ€ra mĂ„lsĂ€ttningen att höja lönsamheten för ett lokalt yrkesfiske genom att sumpa mager vildfĂ„ngad torsk och under kort tid mata upp den till kommersiell produkt. Försöken gjordes vid fyra tillfĂ€llen mellan 2018 och 2020 med tvĂ„ mĂ„naders matning per tillfĂ€lle. BurfĂ„ngad torsk transporterades till odlingskassar och matades med fryst sill som fĂ„ngats i nĂ€romrĂ„det, för att inte lokalt tillföra ny nĂ€ring till vattenmassan. Den genomsnittliga viktökningen var 30 % per individ under tvĂ„ mĂ„naders matning men med en stor variation. En del torskar reagerade mycket positiv pĂ„ fodret genom att öka vikten 150 % . MĂ„nga fiskar, ca 20 %, tillvĂ€xte dock lite eller inte alls. Ett stort problem vara att 30 % av fiskarna dog under försöksperioden. Som en del i försöket inkluderades det i studien om den mycket vanliga parasiten, levermask (Contracaecum osculatum), som har sĂ€l som slutvĂ€rd, pĂ„verkade torskens tillvĂ€xt. Fiskar med hundratals parasiter kunde visa en god tillvĂ€xt. BegrĂ€nsande för tillvĂ€xten skedde först tydligt dĂ„ antalet parasiter översteg 5 individer per gram levervikt, vilket resulterade i att dessa torskar inte tillvĂ€xte alls. VĂ„r slutsats Ă€r att metoden att mata upp torsk bör undvikas vid höga vattentemperaturer, för att undvika hög dödlighet och dĂ€rmed inkomstbortfall. Metoden krĂ€ver en hög arbetsinsats för den enskilde fiskaren men kan vara ett bidrag till ekonomisk överlevnad för lokalt yrkesfiske. Riktat fiske efter torsk i Östra Östersjön Ă€r förbjudet sedan 2019 men metoden bör testas för andra arter, som abborre, för att stĂ€rka kustfisket och ge konsumenterna en högkvalitativ produkt av lokala resurser

    Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Septicemia and HIV

    Get PDF
    Two cases of community-acquired septicemia caused by serotype-O1 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were diagnosed in middle-aged, HIV-positive, immunodeficient patients during an 8-month period. Bacterial isolates were genetically indistinguishable, but no epidemiologic link between the 2 patients was established. HIV-related immunosuppression should be regarded as a risk factor for Y. pseudotuberculosis septicemia

    Simultaneous medullary and papillary thyroid cancer: two case reports

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have always been considered different from each other; in their incidence, their cell origin and their histopathological features.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>This paper describes two rare cases of the simultaneous occurrence of MTC and PTC in the thyroid gland. Case 1 is unique for different reasons: (a) the patient was affected by both multicentric MTC and PTC; (b) a "composite thyroid carcinoma" with mixed feautures of MTC and PTC carcinomas was found in the istmus of the gland; and (c) these tumors were associated with diffuse lymphocytic-type thyroiditis (LT). Case 2 is notable for the long follow up: 16 years disease free.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There are only 16 reports in the English medical literature describing a total of 20 cases of concurrent occurrence of both PTC and MTC in the same thyroid gland. We discuss whether the finding of another cancer in these patients was coincidental or from possible activation of a common tumorigenic pathway for both follicular and parafollicular thyroid cells.</p

    Syntesrapport av Sekretariatet för selektivt fiske 2014-2017

    Get PDF
    PÄ uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV), som har ansvarat för regeringsuppdraget selektivt fiske, upprÀttade SLU Aqua ett Sekretariat för selektivt fiske mellan 2014 och 2017. Sekretariatets huvuduppgift har varit att samla in idéer tillsammans med nÀringen, för att stimulera utvecklingen av selektiva fiskemetoder i syfte att minska mÀngden oönskad fÄngst. NÀringens initiativ och engagemang har varit helt avgörande för en framgÄngsrik utveckling av nya idéer. Under projektperioden har sekretariatet tillsammans med nÀringen drivit 34 projekt inom selektivt fiske. Samtliga projekt Àr vetenskapligt utvÀrderade och redovisade i Ärliga verksamhetsrapporter. I denna syntesrapport sammanstÀlls resultaten frÄn projekt med liknande problemstÀllningar, mÄlarter och fiskemetoder, till olika fisken. De olika fiskena Àr uppdelade mellan aktiva och passiva redskap. I sammanstÀllningen har alla projekten bedömts efter en 5-gradig skala som sammanfattar resultatet av den vetenskapliga utvÀrderingen, redskapets tillÀmpbarhet i verkligt fiske samt behov av förvaltningsÄtgÀrder och/eller andra incitament för att redskapen verkligen skall komma till bred anvÀndning i fisket

    Potent therapeutic efficacy of an alphavirus replicon DNA vaccine expressing human papilloma virus E6 and E7 antigens

    Get PDF
    Cervical cancer develops as a result of infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) through persistent expression of early proteins E6 and E7. Our group pioneered a recombinant viral vector system based on Semliki Forest virus (SFV) for vaccination against cervical cancer. The most striking benefit of this alphavirus vector-based vaccine platform is its high potency. DNA vaccines on the other hand, have a major advantage with respect to ease of production. In this study, the benefits associated with both SFV-based vaccines and DNA vaccines were combined with the development of a DNA-launched RNA replicon (DREP) vaccine targeting cervical cancer. Using intradermal delivery followed by electroporation, we demonstrated that DREP encoding for E6,7 (DREP-E6,7) induced effective, therapeutic antitumor immunity. While immunizations with a conventional DNA vaccine did not prevent tumor outgrowth, immunization with a 200-fold lower equimolar dose of DREP (0.05 ”g of DREP) resulted in approximately 85% of tumor-free mice. To overcome the safety concern of potential malignant transformation at the vaccination site, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of a DREP vaccine encoding a shuffled version of E7 (DREP-E7sh). DREP-E7sh delayed tumor growth yet not to the same extent as DREP-E6,7. In addition, inclusion of a helper cassette and an ER targeting signal (sigHelp) did not significantly further enhance the suppression of tumor outgrowth in the long term, albeit exhibiting better tumor control early after immunization. Collectively, this study points towards the clinical evaluation of DREP encoding HPV antigens as a potent immunotherapy for patients with HPV16 (pre)-malignancies

    A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.

    Get PDF
    We conducted a multi-stage, genome-wide association study of bladder cancer with a primary scan of 591,637 SNPs in 3,532 affected individuals (cases) and 5,120 controls of European descent from five studies followed by a replication strategy, which included 8,382 cases and 48,275 controls from 16 studies. In a combined analysis, we identified three new regions associated with bladder cancer on chromosomes 22q13.1, 19q12 and 2q37.1: rs1014971, (P = 8 × 10⁻ÂčÂČ) maps to a non-genic region of chromosome 22q13.1, rs8102137 (P = 2 × 10⁻ÂčÂč) on 19q12 maps to CCNE1 and rs11892031 (P = 1 × 10⁻⁷) maps to the UGT1A cluster on 2q37.1. We confirmed four previously identified genome-wide associations on chromosomes 3q28, 4p16.3, 8q24.21 and 8q24.3, validated previous candidate associations for the GSTM1 deletion (P = 4 × 10⁻ÂčÂč) and a tag SNP for NAT2 acetylation status (P = 4 × 10⁻ÂčÂč), and found interactions with smoking in both regions. Our findings on common variants associated with bladder cancer risk should provide new insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis
    • 

    corecore